Enable large arrays: Build octave such that it can use arrays larger than 2Gb.
Starting with Octave 4.4.0, 64-bit indexing is the default for targets with 64-bit pointers. You can override that default by specifying --disable-64 when configuring Octave.
However, if the configure script determines that the BLAS library uses 32-bit integers, then operations using the following libraries are limited to arrays with dimensions that are smaller than 2^31 elements:
- BLAS
- LAPACK
- QRUPDATE
- SuiteSparse
- ARPACK
Additionally, the following libraries use "int" internally, so maximum problem sizes are always limited:
- glpk
- Qhull
Useful information and projects are listed below in the See also section.
To determine the integer size of the BLAS library used by Octave, the following code can be executed:
clear all;
N = 2^31;
## The following line requires about 8 GB of RAM!
a = b = ones (N, 1, "single");
c = a' * b
If the BLAS library uses 32-bit integers, an error will be thrown:
error: integer dimension or index out of range for Fortran INTEGER type
Otherwise, if the BLAS library uses 64-bit integers, the result is:
c = 2^31 = 2147483648
Note that the test case above usually requires twice the memory, if a and b are not assigned by a = b = ....
Note further, that the data type "single" has a precision of about 23 binary bits.
In this particular example no rounding errors occur.
Versions prior to Octave 4.4[edit]
On previous versions of Octave, the default is that the size of a single Octave array cannot have more than approximately 2^31 elements, even on systems that use 64-bit pointers. This is because array indices were limited to 32-bit signed integers by default. Trying to create one will produce the following error:
>> a = zeros (1024*1024*1024*3, 1, 'int8'); error: out of memory or dimension too large for Octave's index type
You will obtain this error even if your system has enough RAM to create this array (3 GB in the above case).
To use arrays with more than (approximately) elements, Octave has to be configured with the option --enable-64. This option is experimental and you are (as always) encouraged to submit bug reports if you find a problem.
With this option, Octave will use internally 64-bit integers for array dimensions and indexing. However, all numerical libraries used by Octave will need to use also 64-bit integers for array dimensions and indexing, and in most cases they need to be compiled from source.
See also[edit]
- GNU Octave manual -- Details on how to compile some of Octave's library dependencies for 64-bit indices.
- MXE (M Cross Environment) which takes care to compile Octave's library dependencies for 64-bit indices.
Two more lightweight solutions compared to MXE to compile Octave's library dependencies for 64-bit indices.