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= | = OpenGL coordinate systems = | ||
In the | In the Octave plotting backend, we find various OpenGL transformations. Some of the classic OpenGL transformation steps, as well as coordinate systems, are shown in the following picture: | ||
[[File:Octave_coordinate_systems.png|center|350px]] | |||
= The Octave coordinate system = | |||
In Octave a plot scene is defined by a "view point", a "camera target" and an "up vector". | In Octave a plot scene is defined by a "view point", a "camera target" and an "up vector". | ||
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[[File:Octave_view_point_setup_to_scale.png|center|750px]] | [[File:Octave_view_point_setup_to_scale.png|center|750px]] | ||
= | = update_camera() = | ||
In the second part of <math display="inline">\rightarrow</math> "axes::properties::update_camera ()" the view transformation "x_gl_mat1" and projection matrix "x_gl_mat2" are put together. The following chapter illustrates some of the properties of "x_gl_mat1" and "x_gl_mat2". | |||
== The role of "x_gl_mat1" == | == The role of "x_gl_mat1" == | ||
=== x_view === | |||
The following section of code composes the matrix "x_view", which is a subset of "x_gl_mat1". The matrix "x_gl_mat1" consists of multiple translations, scales and one rotation operation. | The following section of code composes the matrix "x_view", which is a major subset of "x_gl_mat1". The matrix "x_gl_mat1" consists of multiple translations, scales and one rotation operation. The individual operation steps are shown in a picture below. | ||
{{Code|Section of axes::properties::update_camera ()"|<syntaxhighlight lang="C" style="font-size:13px"> | {{Code|Section of axes::properties::update_camera ()"|<syntaxhighlight lang="C" style="font-size:13px"> | ||
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</syntaxhighlight>}} | </syntaxhighlight>}} | ||
To visualize the matrix properties, the "x_gl_mat1" matrix is multiplied by the object coordinates. | === x_gl_mat1 === | ||
To visualize the matrix properties, the "x_gl_mat1" matrix is multiplied by the object coordinates. After the transformation, the plot box is aligned with the Z-axis and the view point is at the origin <math display="inline">[0,0,0]</math>. The matrix transforms world coordinates into camera coordinates. The purple planes show the near and far clipping planes. | |||
[[File:Octave_x_gl_mat1_setup.png|center| | [[File:Octave_x_gl_mat1_setup.png|center|300px]] | ||
The individual translation, scaling and rotation operations of "x_gl_mat1", are shown in the following figure: | The individual translation, scaling and rotation operations of "x_gl_mat1", are shown in the following figure: | ||
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== The role of "x_gl_mat2" == | == The role of "x_gl_mat2" == | ||
The matrix "x_gl_mat2" is composed of the sub matrices "x_viewport" and "x_projection". The purpose of these matrices is to fit the 2D image of the above transformation result into a "bounding box". The bounding box is defined as follows: | === Bounding box === | ||
The matrix "x_gl_mat2" is composed of the sub matrices "x_viewport" and "x_projection". The purpose of these matrices is to fit the associated 2D image of the above transformation result into a "bounding box". The bounding box is defined as follows: | |||
* bb(0), bb(1): Position of the "viewport" | |||
* bb(2), bb(3): Width and height of the "viewport" | |||
In the following simplified code section, the field of view (FOV) | Hint: If you debug in "update_camera ()", you can print "bb": | ||
(gdb) print *bb.rep.data@bb.rep.len | |||
(gdb) $1 = {72.79, 31.50, 434, 342.29} | |||
Compare the result with the output on the Octave prompt: | |||
hax = axes (); | |||
get (hax, "position") | |||
ans = 73.80 47.20 434.00 342.30 | |||
get (gcf, 'position') | |||
ans = 22 300 560 420 | |||
Where 420 - 342.30 - 31.5 + 1 = 47.20 | |||
=== x_projection === | |||
In the following simplified code section the matrix "x_projection" is composed. It is used to normalize the image of the above transformation. For this purpose, the field of view (FOV) must be calculated: | |||
{{Code|Section of axes::properties::update_camera ()"|<syntaxhighlight lang="C" style="font-size:13px"> | {{Code|Section of axes::properties::update_camera ()"|<syntaxhighlight lang="C" style="font-size:13px"> | ||
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v_angle = get_cameraviewangle (); | v_angle = get_cameraviewangle (); | ||
// x_projection: identity "diag([1, 1, 1, 1])" | |||
Matrix x_projection = xform_matrix (); | |||
// Calculate backwards from the angle to the ratio. This step | // Calculate backwards from the angle to the ratio. This step | ||
// is necessary because "v_angle" can be set manually. | // is necessary because "v_angle" can be set manually. | ||
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</syntaxhighlight>}} | </syntaxhighlight>}} | ||
x_viewport is a | === x_viewport === | ||
"x_viewport" is a transformation used to place the previously "normalized" plot box in the center and to fit it tightly into the bounding box: | |||
{{Code|Section of axes::properties::update_camera ()"|<syntaxhighlight lang="C" style="font-size:13px"> | {{Code|Section of axes::properties::update_camera ()"|<syntaxhighlight lang="C" style="font-size:13px"> | ||
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pix = (bb(2) < bb(3) ? bb(2) : bb(3)); | pix = (bb(2) < bb(3) ? bb(2) : bb(3)); | ||
// x_viewport: identity "diag([1, 1, 1, 1])" | |||
Matrix x_viewport = xform_matrix (); | |||
// Move to the center of the bounding box inside the figure. | // Move to the center of the bounding box inside the figure. | ||
translate (x_viewport, bb(0)+bb(2)/2, bb(1)+bb(3)/2, 0); | translate (x_viewport, bb(0)+bb(2)/2, bb(1)+bb(3)/2, 0); | ||
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</syntaxhighlight>}} | </syntaxhighlight>}} | ||
Note: The | Note: The matrix "x_gl_mat2" scales x, y. However the z-coordinate is not modified! | ||
= setup_opengl_transformation () = | |||
== OpenGL backend == | |||
In the OpenGL backend, the view matrix, an orthographic matrix, and the viewport transform are used to transform the octave plot into the screen window. | |||
{{Code|Section of opengl_renderer::setup_opengl_transformation ()"|<syntaxhighlight lang="C" style="font-size:13px"> | |||
Matrix x_zlim = props.get_transform_zlim (); | |||
xZ1 = x_zlim(0)-(x_zlim(1)-x_zlim(0))/2; | |||
xZ2 = x_zlim(1)+(x_zlim(1)-x_zlim(0))/2; | |||
// Load x_gl_mat1 and x_gl_mat2 | |||
Matrix x_mat1 = props.get_opengl_matrix_1 (); | |||
Matrix x_mat2 = props.get_opengl_matrix_2 (); | |||
m_glfcns.glMatrixMode (GL_MODELVIEW); | |||
m_glfcns.glLoadIdentity (); | |||
m_glfcns.glScaled (1, 1, -1); | |||
// Matrix x_gl_mat1 | |||
m_glfcns.glMultMatrixd (x_mat1.data ()); | |||
m_glfcns.glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION); | |||
m_glfcns.glLoadIdentity (); | |||
Matrix vp = get_viewport_scaled (); | |||
// Install orthographic projection matrix with viewport | |||
// setting "0, vp(2), vp(3), 0" and near / far values "xZ1, xZ2" | |||
m_glfcns.glOrtho (0, vp(2), vp(3), 0, xZ1, xZ2); | |||
// Matrix x_gl_mat2 | |||
m_glfcns.glMultMatrixd (x_mat2.data ()); | |||
m_glfcns.glMatrixMode (GL_MODELVIEW); | |||
m_glfcns.glClear (GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); | |||
</syntaxhighlight>}} | |||
Hint: If you debug in "setup_opengl_transformation ()", you can print the viewport "vp": | |||
(gdb) print *vp.rep.data@vp.rep.len | |||
(gdb) $1 = {0, 0, 560, 420} | |||
This is consistent with the window size. | |||