Octave for Debian systems: Difference between revisions

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For Debian, and Debian based distributions such as Ubuntu, specific solutions.  
* ''This article addresses the [[:Category:Installation|installation]] and [[Building]] of GNU Octave on Debian, and Debian-based distributions such as Ubuntu.''


== Pre-compiled binaries ==
Binary packages for GNU Octave and many [[Octave Forge]] packages are provided by all versions of Debian and Ubuntu. These are the most well-tested binaries available and should work best for most users.  To install them, run:


Binary packages for Octave and many Octave-Forge packages are provided by all versions of Debian and Ubuntu. These are the most well-tested binaries available and should work best for most users.
sudo apt-get install octave


Octave is often split over multiple packages to cover the different parts of it. Aside the {{codeline|octave}} package that installs GNU Octave, there is also {{codeline|octave-doc}}, {{codeline|octave-info}}, and {{codeline|octave-htmldoc}} for the documentation, {{codeline|liboctave-dev}} for the octave development library (required to install most packages), and {{codeline|octave-dbg}} for the debugging symbols.
In Debian and Ubuntu the "complete" GNU Octave software is split over multiple packages. To obtain the complete features of Octave, install additionally


=== Troubleshooting ===
* {{codeline|octave-doc}}, {{codeline|octave-info}}, and {{codeline|octave-htmldoc}} for the documentation;
* {{codeline|liboctave-dev}} for the octave development header files and mkoctfile (required to install Octave Forge packages); and
* {{codeline|octave-dbg}} for the debugging symbols.


When installing Octave 3.2 in Ubuntu, broken packages install may cause a <span color="red">error: `pkg' undefined</span> error, previously reported as [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/octave3.2/+bug/465005 bug 465005]:
Many Octave packages are also distributed by Debian and Ubuntu.  These are tested to work the best with the respective Octave version. Install them via:
 
sudo apt-get install octave-control octave-image octave-io octave-optim octave-signal octave-statistics
 
Up to 2018, the [https://launchpad.net/~octave GNU Octave Team] on Launchpad actively maintained a PPA providing more up to date packages of Octave.  These are backported from Debian unstable and are still useful for older Ubuntu installations. To set up your system to install these packages, run:
 
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:octave/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install octave


...
== Building Octave ==
Setting up octave3.2 (3.2.2-2build1) ...
error: `pkg' undefined near line 0 column 1
dpkg: error processing octave3.2 (--configure):
  subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
Processing triggers for menu ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
  octave3.2
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)


Fix this by complete reinstall:
: ''For general build instructions, see [[Building]].''


sudo apt-get --purge remove octave3.2
The ''only'' tricky part is to install the Octave build dependenciesOnce that is solved, one can easily follow the [[Building|general build instructions]]See [[#Configuration|below]] for some Debian and Ubuntu specific configuration options.
  sudo apt-get --purge remove octave3.2-common
  sudo apt-get install octave3.2


== Octave's PPA ==
=== Install dependencies ===


However, for some Ubuntu releases the octave package is too old.  The [https://launchpad.net/~octave GNU Octave Team] on Launchpad maintains a PPA providing binary packages of the latest stable and unstable versions of Octave for all versions of Ubuntu. To set up your system to install these packages
Note that different Debian and Ubuntu versions may have slightly different package names but their differences should be pretty small, mostly limited to version numbers.


sudo apt-add-repository ppa:octave/stable
==== The easy way (but likely incorrect) ====
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:octave/unstable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install octave


== Compiling from source ==
This approach is ''only'' suitable if you are building from source the ''same'' version that your Linux distribution already has packaged.
The only ''tricky'' part is to install the dependencies. Once that is solved, installing from source should be as easy as {{Codeline|./configure && make && make install}}. See the manual for the [http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/doc/interpreter/Running-Configure-and-Make.html#Running-Configure-and-Make configure options].


=== Dependencies ===
{{Note|different Debian versions may have slightly different package names but their differences should be pretty small, mostly limited to version numbers.}}
==== The easy way ====
The easy way to install ''most'' of the necessary dependencies is to {{Codeline|sudo apt-get build-dep octave}}. This will install all packages necessary to build and prepare a Debian package for the octave version available on your system repositories. However:
The easy way to install ''most'' of the necessary dependencies is to {{Codeline|sudo apt-get build-dep octave}}. This will install all packages necessary to build and prepare a Debian package for the octave version available on your system repositories. However:
* will install unecessary packages related to the building of a Debian package;
* will install unnecessary packages related to the building of a Debian package;
* may miss some new dependencies;
* may miss some new dependencies;
* may install packages that are no longer octave dependencies.
* may install packages that are no longer octave dependencies.


==== The right way ====
==== The right way ====
The best way is to select and install all the dependencies as listed on the {{Path|INSTALL.OCTAVE}} file. The following is their package names in Debian repositories (they will have their own dependencies which your package maintainer will solve automatically).


{{Warning|Debian repositories has several libraries for dealing with HDF data files. The recommended is {{Codeline|libhdf5-serial-dev}}. However, the {{Forge|msh|msh package}} requires [http://www.geuz.org/gmsh/ gmsh] which is incompatible with it.}}
The right way is to install all the dependencies listed on the [[Building#Dependencies|Building]] wiki page.  One can either search for the respective packages manually on
{{Warning|the GraphicsMagick++ library (libgraphicsmagick++-dev) on the Debian repositories was compiled with quantum 8 which limits reading images to 8 bit. The solution is to recompile [[GraphicsMagick]] with quantum  
 
32.}}
* https://packages.debian.org
{{Note|if only the native graphics toolkit will be used, gnuplot will not be necessary.}}
* https://packages.ubuntu.com
 
or, for the sake of convenience, use some "one-liner" to install them:
 
* '''Ubuntu 19.10'''
 
:<pre>sudo apt-get install gcc g++ gfortran make libblas-dev liblapack-dev libpcre3-dev libarpack2-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev epstool libfftw3-dev fig2dev libfltk1.3-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libgl2ps-dev libglpk-dev libreadline-dev gnuplot-x11 libgraphicsmagick++1-dev libhdf5-dev openjdk-8-jdk libsndfile1-dev llvm-dev lpr texinfo libgl1-mesa-dev libosmesa6-dev pstoedit portaudio19-dev libqhull-dev libqrupdate-dev libqscintilla2-qt4-dev libsuitesparse-dev texlive libxft-dev zlib1g-dev autoconf automake bison flex gperf gzip icoutils librsvg2-bin libtool perl rsync tar qtbase5-dev qttools5-dev qttools5-dev-tools libqscintilla2-qt5-dev libsundials-dev</pre>
 
* '''Ubuntu 18.04 (LTS)'''
 
:<pre>sudo apt-get install gcc g++ gfortran make libblas-dev liblapack-dev libpcre3-dev libarpack2-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev epstool libfftw3-dev transfig libfltk1.3-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libgl2ps-dev libglpk-dev libreadline-dev gnuplot-x11 libgraphicsmagick++1-dev libhdf5-serial-dev openjdk-8-jdk libsndfile1-dev llvm-dev lpr texinfo libgl1-mesa-dev libosmesa6-dev pstoedit portaudio19-dev libqhull-dev libqrupdate-dev libqscintilla2-dev libsuitesparse-dev texlive texlive-generic-recommended libxft-dev zlib1g-dev autoconf automake bison flex gperf gzip icoutils librsvg2-bin libtool perl rsync tar qtbase5-dev qttools5-dev qttools5-dev-tools libqscintilla2-qt5-dev</pre>
 
* '''Ubuntu 16.04 (LTS)'''
 
:<pre>sudo apt-get install gcc g++ gfortran make libblas-dev liblapack-dev libpcre3-dev libarpack2-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev epstool libfftw3-dev transfig libfltk1.3-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libgl2ps-dev libglpk-dev libreadline-dev gnuplot-x11 libgraphicsmagick++1-dev libhdf5-serial-dev openjdk-8-jdk libsndfile1-dev llvm-dev lpr texinfo libgl1-mesa-dev libosmesa6-dev pstoedit portaudio19-dev libqhull-dev libqrupdate-dev libqscintilla2-dev libqt4-dev libqtcore4 libqtwebkit4 libqt4-network libqtgui4 libqt4-opengl-dev libsuitesparse-dev texlive libxft-dev zlib1g-dev autoconf automake bison flex gperf gzip icoutils librsvg2-bin libtool perl rsync tar</pre>
 
* '''Debian 9'''
 
:<pre>sudo apt-get install gcc g++ gfortran make libblas-dev liblapack-dev libpcre3-dev libarpack2-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev epstool libfftw3-dev transfig libfltk1.3-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libgl2ps-dev libglpk-dev libreadline-dev gnuplot libgraphicsmagick++1-dev libhdf5-serial-dev openjdk-8-jdk libsndfile1-dev llvm-dev texinfo libgl1-mesa-dev libosmesa6-dev pstoedit portaudio19-dev libjack-jackd2-dev libqhull-dev libqrupdate-dev libqscintilla2-dev libqt4-dev libqtcore4 libqtwebkit4 libqt4-network libqtgui4 libqt4-opengl-dev libsuitesparse-dev texlive libxft-dev zlib1g-dev autoconf automake bison flex gperf gzip icoutils librsvg2-bin libtool perl rsync tar</pre>
 
* '''Debian 8'''
 
:<pre>sudo apt-get install gcc g++ gfortran make libblas-dev liblapack-dev libpcre3-dev libarpack2-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev epstool libfftw3-dev transfig libfltk1.3-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libgl2ps-dev libglpk-dev libreadline-dev gnuplot libgraphicsmagick++1-dev libhdf5-serial-dev openjdk-7-jdk libsndfile1-dev llvm-dev lpr texinfo libgl1-mesa-dev libosmesa6-dev pstoedit portaudio19-dev libqhull-dev libqrupdate-dev libqscintilla2-dev libqt4-dev libqtcore4 libqtwebkit4 libqt4-network libqtgui4 libqt4-opengl-dev libsuitesparse-dev texlive libxft-dev zlib1g-dev autoconf automake bison flex gperf gzip icoutils librsvg2-bin libtool perl rsync tar</pre>
 
 
{{Warning|<ul><li>The Debian repositoriy has several libraries for dealing with HDF data files. The recommended is {{Codeline|libhdf5-serial-dev}}. However, the {{Forge|msh|msh package}} requires [http://www.geuz.org/gmsh/ gmsh] which is incompatible with it.</li>
<li>The GraphicsMagick++ library (libgraphicsmagick++1-dev) on the Debian repositories was compiled with quantum 8 which limits reading images to 8 bit. The solution is to recompile [[GraphicsMagick]] with quantum 16 or 32 before building Octave.</li>
<li>For debian9 using openjdk-9-jdk (even providing  {{Codeline|JAVA_HOME}}) could *not* be used for the java interface! Use openjdk-8-jdk instead.</li>
<li>When configure decides to use QT5 instead of QT4, make might fail because lrelease is missing (see [https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?50580 bug 50580]). It can be fixed by installing {{Codeline|qttools5-dev-tools}}</li>
</ul>}}
 
=== Configuration ===
 
Some Debian and Ubuntu specific configure tweaks are listed below:
 
==== Java ====
 
Autodetection for Java should work well on Debian-based systems. A specific Java version can be specified by passing {{codeline|JAVA_HOME}} to configure, for example
 
./configure JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64
 
==== HDF5 ====
 
On older versions of Debian and Ubuntu, you may get the following warning when building an older version of Octave from source:
 
HDF5 library not found.  Octave will not be able to save or load HDF5 data files.
 
The problem is that there are multiple versions of the hdf5 package.  Octave was written with the serial version in mind but it is likely to work with the others (OpenMPI and Mpich). Due to the naming scheme done in Debian, it may be required to specify the location of the libraries. See bug {{bug|38928}} for details (starting with comment #19) but basically, use the following when running configure:
 
./configure --with-hdf5-includedir=/usr/include/hdf5/serial --with-hdf5-libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial
 
On older versions of Debian and Ubuntu, where only one flavor of the HDF5 library could be installed at a time, you may need to build Octave against one of the MPI-enabled flavors. On these older systems, configuring Octave like this may work:
 
./configure CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/include/mpi -DMPICH_SKIP_MPICXX -DOMPI_SKIP_MPICXX"
 
==== Sundials ====


* build tools
On recent Debian and Ubuntu releases whose Sundials version (in {{codeline|libsundials-dev}}) is 3.1, a configure flag needs to be passed for {{codeline|ode15i}} and {{codeline|ode15s}} to be compiled with support for sparse Jacobians (bug {{bug|55937}}), as follows:
:<pre>g++ gcc gfortran make</pre>
* external packages
:<pre>libblas-dev liblapack-dev libpcre3-dev</pre>
* optional but ''strongly'' recommended. Check the [http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/doc/interpreter/External-Packages.html Octave manual] for more information on them. Packages marked with * are virtual packages (you'll have to pick one of the displayed versions).
:{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Dependency        !! Debian Squeeze          !! Ubuntu X
|-
| ARPACK            || libarpack2-dev          ||
|-
| cURL              || libcurl4-gnutls-dev      ||
|-
| FFTW3            || libfftw3-dev            ||
|-
| FLTK              || libfltk-dev *            ||
|-
| fontconfig        || libfontconfig1-dev      ||
|-
| FreeType          || libfreetype6-dev        ||
|-
| GLPK              || libglpk-dev              ||
|-
| GNU Readline      || libreadline-dev          ||
|-
| gnuplot          || gnuplot                  ||
|-
| GraphicsMagick++  || libgraphicsmagick++-dev  ||
|-
| HDF5              || libhdf5-serial-dev      ||
|-
| OpenGL            || libgl-dev *              ||
|-
| Qhull            || libqhull-dev            ||
|-
| QRUPDATE          || libqrupdate-dev          ||
|-
| SuiteSparse      || libsuitesparse-dev      ||
|-
| makeinfo          || texinfo                  ||
|-
| zlib              || zlib1g-dev              ||
|-
|}


==== Building development version ====
./configure CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/include/suitesparse"
If you are building development versions, you'll require some more packages as listed on {{Path|etc/HACKING}} and {{Path|INSTALL}}. Many of them will already be installed on your system.


Note that the current development release you shuld run {{Codeline|./bootstrap}} instead of the old {{Codeline|./autogen}}
== See also ==


* development tools
* [[MXE]] -- a more customized Octave build including many self-compiled tools.
:<pre>autoconf automake bison flex gperf gzip libtool make perl rsync tar</pre>
* dependencies for the development release
:{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Dependency  !! Debian Squeeze      !! Ubuntu X
|-
| GTK theme?  || gtk2-engines-pixbuf  ||
|-
| Java JDK    || openjdk-7-jdk        ||
|-
| LLVM        || libfftw3-dev        ||
|-
| QScintilla  || libqscintilla2-8    ||
|-
| Qt          || libqtcore4 libqtwebkit4 libqt4-network libqtgui4 ||
|-
|}


[[Category:Building]]
[[Category:Installation]]
[[Category:Installation]]
[[Category:GNU/Linux]]
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