Help text style guide: Difference between revisions

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Functions should have help text so that people know how to use it.
== Guidelines ==
 
The first line of the documentation string should consist of a summary of
the function.
 
Subsequent lines may expand the general nature of the function.
 
After the introduction there should be paragraphs describing the meaning
and usage of each input, followed by the meaning and usage of each output.
 
Finally, there may be more general information such as notes about the
algorithm used, references to scientific papers, notes about any
incompatibilities with Matlab, etc.
 
=== First sentence ===


= Guidelines =
== First sentence ==
The first sentence of help text should start with a statement that is like a command. For example, the first sentence of {{Codeline|hist}}:
The first sentence of help text should start with a statement that is like a command. For example, the first sentence of {{Codeline|hist}}:
<pre>
<pre>
Line 10: Line 22:
</pre>
</pre>


== Manual reference ==
Usually it looks good to do likewise for the rest of the first paragraph.
Subsequent paragraphs usually look better if they have proper subjects.
 
=== Voice ===
 
Write documentation strings in the active voice, not the passive, and in
the present tense, not the future.  For instance, use "Return a list
containing A and B." instead of "A list containing A and B will be
returned."
 
Avoid using the word "cause" (or its equivalents) unnecessarily.
Instead of, "Cause Octave to display text in boldface," just write
"Display text in boldface."
 
=== Wording ===
 
The documentation string for a variable that is a yes-or-no flag should
start with words such as "Nonzero means...", to make it clear that
all nonzero values are equivalent and indicate explicitly what zero and
nonzero mean.
 
=== Whitespace ===
 
Use two spaces between the period marking the end of a sentence and the
word which opens the next sentence.  This convention has no effect for
typeset formats like Tex, but improves the readability of the documentation
in fixed-width environments such as the Info reader.
 
<pre>
there is no correct for sentence spacing.  But we need a convention # good
there is no correct for sentence spacing. But we need a convention  # bad
</pre>
 
Do not start or end a documentation string with whitespace.
 
Do not indent subsequent lines of a documentation string so
that the text is lined up in the source code with the text of the first
line.  This looks nice in the source code, but looks bizarre when users
view the documentation.  Remember that the indentation before the
starting double-quote is not part of the string!
 
=== Line length ===
 
Format the documentation string so that it fits within an 80-column screen.
It is a good idea for most lines to be no wider than 60 characters.
 
However, rather than simply filling the entire documentation string, you
can make it much more readable by choosing line breaks with care.
Use blank lines between topics if the documentation string is long.
 
=== Variable naming ===
 
When choosing variable names try to adhere to the following guidelines.
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Variable type
! Standard names
|-
|vectors
|x,y,z,t,w
|-
|matrices
|A,B,M
|-
|strings
|str, s
|-
|filename
|fname
|-
|cells
|c
|-
|cellstrs
|cstr
|}
 
=== Manual reference ===
 
When submitting a function to Octave, a tag for the docstring should be added to some appropriate place in one of the manual's .txi source files (they are all in {{Path|doc/interpreter/}}). Find the most appropriate section in the manual and add the following with the related functions:
When submitting a function to Octave, a tag for the docstring should be added to some appropriate place in one of the manual's .txi source files (they are all in {{Path|doc/interpreter/}}). Find the most appropriate section in the manual and add the following with the related functions:
{{Code|adding tag for function help text in Octave's manual|<pre>
{{Code|adding tag for function help text in Octave's manual|<pre>
Line 18: Line 108:
If appropriate, also write some text about the function on the manual for better inclusion into the manual.
If appropriate, also write some text about the function on the manual for better inclusion into the manual.


== Sentence spacing ==
The typographical convention in Octave is to use two full spaces after a period that ends a sentence. For example:
<pre>
there is no correct for sentence spacing.  But we need a convention # good
there is no correct for sentence spacing. But we need a convention  # bad
</pre>


= TexInfo =
== TexInfo ==
This is the preferred format for help text. There is also a comprehensive [http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/manual/texinfo/html_node/index.html TexInfo manual].
This is the preferred format for help text. There is also a comprehensive [https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/manual/texinfo/ TexInfo manual].


== Examples ==
=== Examples ===


If you give a code example in the documentation written in Texinfo with
If you give a code example in the documentation written in Texinfo with
Line 36: Line 120:
ps documents.  That means, keep the lines of examples under 60 characters.
ps documents.  That means, keep the lines of examples under 60 characters.


== Octave specific macros ==
=== Octave specific macros ===
=== seealso ===
==== seealso ====
Do not use this macro empty as it will create problems with the {{forge|generate_html}} package.
Do not use this macro empty as it will create problems with the {{forge|generate_html}} package.
=== deftypefn ===
==== deftypefn ====
This environment will enclose the function help text. It takes as argument the type of function. Typical values are
This environment will enclose the function help text. It takes as argument the type of function. Typical values are
* Function File -- for functions in .m files
* Function File -- for functions in .m files
Line 48: Line 132:
Besides this environment there is also the alternative {{Codeline|deftypenx}} for alternative forms. Typically these are mentioned at the top of the help text, right after the {{Codeline|deftypen}} although this is not really necessary. Cases where it's acceptable to have them on other sections would be methods on the help text of a class constructor, since they will not always be on a separate file.
Besides this environment there is also the alternative {{Codeline|deftypenx}} for alternative forms. Typically these are mentioned at the top of the help text, right after the {{Codeline|deftypen}} although this is not really necessary. Cases where it's acceptable to have them on other sections would be methods on the help text of a class constructor, since they will not always be on a separate file.


== Formatting ==
=== Formatting ===


=== Formulas ===
==== Formulas ====
Do not use the example environment to insert formulas, consider using {{Codeline|@verbatim}} instead.  
Do not use the example environment to insert formulas, consider using {{Codeline|@verbatim}} instead.  


Line 77: Line 161:
</pre>}}
</pre>}}


=== Plain-tex missing macros ===
==== Plain-tex missing macros ====
When compared to LaTeX, plain TeX is missing some very useful macros for including mathematical notation. The following is a list of their definitions which can be added on a as needed basis:
When compared to LaTeX, plain TeX is missing some very useful macros for including mathematical notation. The following is a list of their definitions which can be added on a as needed basis:


Line 83: Line 167:
<pre>\def\frac#1#2{{\begingroup#1\endgroup\over#2}}</pre>
<pre>\def\frac#1#2{{\begingroup#1\endgroup\over#2}}</pre>


== Special inserts ==
=== Special inserts ===
=== Escape characters ===
==== Escape characters ====
To escape characters in TexInfo, use the character {{Codeline|@}}. Only the characters '''@''', '''{''' and '''}''' need to be escaped.
To escape characters in TexInfo, use the character {{Codeline|@}}. Only the characters '''@''', '''{''' and '''}''' need to be escaped.


Line 93: Line 177:
In certain contexts (such as {{Codeline|@acronym}} or {{Codeline|@xref}}), commas may need to be escaped. In such situations, use {{Codeline|<nowiki>@comma{}</nowiki>}}.
In certain contexts (such as {{Codeline|@acronym}} or {{Codeline|@xref}}), commas may need to be escaped. In such situations, use {{Codeline|<nowiki>@comma{}</nowiki>}}.


=== Ellipsis (...) ===
==== Ellipsis (...) ====
Ellipsis are frequently used in octave help text, specially when defining a function API. Use the {{Codeline|<nowiki>@dots{}</nowiki>}} rather than three dots.
Ellipsis are frequently used in octave help text, especially when defining a function API. Use the {{Codeline|<nowiki>@dots{}</nowiki>}} rather than three dots.


{{Code||<pre>
{{Code||<pre>
@deftypefn {Function File} {} imhist (@var{I})
@deftypefn {} {} imhist (@var{I})
@deftypefnx {Function File} {[@var{counts}, @var{x}] =} imhist (@dots{})
@deftypefnx {} {[@var{counts}, @var{x}] =} imhist (@dots{})
</pre>}}
</pre>}}


=== Matlab ===
==== Matlab ====
Sometimes it is need to mention matlab in the help text. For example, to mention that a weird behavior needs to be kept for matlab compatibility. In such case, small caps should be used. For example, the following is used in the {{Codeline|length}} help text:
Sometimes it is needed to mention Matlab in the help text. An example might be to mention that a weird behavior needs to be kept for Matlab compatibility. In such case, small caps should be used. For example, the following is used in the {{Codeline|length}} help text:


{{Code||<pre>
{{Code||<pre>
Line 108: Line 192:
greater (this odd definition is used for compatibility with @sc{matlab}).
greater (this odd definition is used for compatibility with @sc{matlab}).
</pre>}}
</pre>}}
[[Category:Development]]

Latest revision as of 05:24, 18 August 2020

Guidelines[edit]

The first line of the documentation string should consist of a summary of the function.

Subsequent lines may expand the general nature of the function.

After the introduction there should be paragraphs describing the meaning and usage of each input, followed by the meaning and usage of each output.

Finally, there may be more general information such as notes about the algorithm used, references to scientific papers, notes about any incompatibilities with Matlab, etc.

First sentence[edit]

The first sentence of help text should start with a statement that is like a command. For example, the first sentence of hist:

Produce histogram counts or plots.         # good
Produces histogram counts or plots.        # bad
hist produces histogram counts or plots.   # bad

Usually it looks good to do likewise for the rest of the first paragraph. Subsequent paragraphs usually look better if they have proper subjects.

Voice[edit]

Write documentation strings in the active voice, not the passive, and in the present tense, not the future. For instance, use "Return a list containing A and B." instead of "A list containing A and B will be returned."

Avoid using the word "cause" (or its equivalents) unnecessarily. Instead of, "Cause Octave to display text in boldface," just write "Display text in boldface."

Wording[edit]

The documentation string for a variable that is a yes-or-no flag should start with words such as "Nonzero means...", to make it clear that all nonzero values are equivalent and indicate explicitly what zero and nonzero mean.

Whitespace[edit]

Use two spaces between the period marking the end of a sentence and the word which opens the next sentence. This convention has no effect for typeset formats like Tex, but improves the readability of the documentation in fixed-width environments such as the Info reader.

there is no correct for sentence spacing.  But we need a convention # good
there is no correct for sentence spacing. But we need a convention  # bad

Do not start or end a documentation string with whitespace.

Do not indent subsequent lines of a documentation string so that the text is lined up in the source code with the text of the first line. This looks nice in the source code, but looks bizarre when users view the documentation. Remember that the indentation before the starting double-quote is not part of the string!

Line length[edit]

Format the documentation string so that it fits within an 80-column screen. It is a good idea for most lines to be no wider than 60 characters.

However, rather than simply filling the entire documentation string, you can make it much more readable by choosing line breaks with care. Use blank lines between topics if the documentation string is long.

Variable naming[edit]

When choosing variable names try to adhere to the following guidelines.

Variable type Standard names
vectors x,y,z,t,w
matrices A,B,M
strings str, s
filename fname
cells c
cellstrs cstr

Manual reference[edit]

When submitting a function to Octave, a tag for the docstring should be added to some appropriate place in one of the manual's .txi source files (they are all in doc/interpreter/). Find the most appropriate section in the manual and add the following with the related functions:

Code: adding tag for function help text in Octave's manual
+@DOCSTRING(function_name)

If appropriate, also write some text about the function on the manual for better inclusion into the manual.


TexInfo[edit]

This is the preferred format for help text. There is also a comprehensive TexInfo manual.

Examples[edit]

If you give a code example in the documentation written in Texinfo with the @example environment, you should be aware that the text within such an environment will not be wrapped. It is recommended that you keep the lines short enough to fit on pages in the generated pdf or ps documents. That means, keep the lines of examples under 60 characters.

Octave specific macros[edit]

seealso[edit]

Do not use this macro empty as it will create problems with the generate_html package.

deftypefn[edit]

This environment will enclose the function help text. It takes as argument the type of function. Typical values are

  • Function File -- for functions in .m files
  • Loadable Function -- for functions in .oct files
  • Accessor method
  • Class property

Besides this environment there is also the alternative deftypenx for alternative forms. Typically these are mentioned at the top of the help text, right after the deftypen although this is not really necessary. Cases where it's acceptable to have them on other sections would be methods on the help text of a class constructor, since they will not always be on a separate file.

Formatting[edit]

Formulas[edit]

Do not use the example environment to insert formulas, consider using @verbatim instead.

@verbatim
           E[Z(i,k) ]
IRL(k) =  ------------
              V(i)
@end verbatim

However, this will never print as a nice looking mathematical formula that TeX is known for. It is possible to have Tex formulas but then they won't be displayed on HTML or Info (Octave help) so the following can be done:

@tex
\def\frac#1#2{{\begingroup#1\endgroup\over#2}}
$$ IRL(k) = \frac{E[Z(i,k)]}{V(i)} $$
@end tex
@ifnottex
@verbatim
           E[Z(i,k) ]
IRL(k) =  ------------
              V(i)
@end verbatim
@end ifnottex

Plain-tex missing macros[edit]

When compared to LaTeX, plain TeX is missing some very useful macros for including mathematical notation. The following is a list of their definitions which can be added on a as needed basis:

  • frac
\def\frac#1#2{{\begingroup#1\endgroup\over#2}}

Special inserts[edit]

Escape characters[edit]

To escape characters in TexInfo, use the character @. Only the characters @, { and } need to be escaped.

  • @@ stands for a single @ (do not put braces after an @@ command)
  • @{ stands for a single {
  • @} stands for a single }

In certain contexts (such as @acronym or @xref), commas may need to be escaped. In such situations, use @comma{}.

Ellipsis (...)[edit]

Ellipsis are frequently used in octave help text, especially when defining a function API. Use the @dots{} rather than three dots.

@deftypefn  {} {} imhist (@var{I})
@deftypefnx {} {[@var{counts}, @var{x}] =} imhist (@dots{})

Matlab[edit]

Sometimes it is needed to mention Matlab in the help text. An example might be to mention that a weird behavior needs to be kept for Matlab compatibility. In such case, small caps should be used. For example, the following is used in the length help text:

For matrix objects, the length is the number of rows or columns, whichever is
greater (this odd definition is used for compatibility with @sc{matlab}).