# Difference between revisions of "Bim package"

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Package for solving Diffusion Advection Reaction (DAR) Partial Differential Equations based on the Finite Volume Scharfetter-Gummel (FVSG) method a.k.a Box Integration Method (BIM).

## Tutorials

### 2D Diffusion Advection Reaction example

This is a short example on how to use bim to solve a 2D Diffusion Advection Reaction problem. .

We want to solve the equation

${\displaystyle -\mathrm {div} \ (\varepsilon \ \nabla u(x,y)-\nabla \varphi (x,y)\ u(x,y)))+u(x,y)=1\qquad {\mbox{ in }}\Omega }$

${\displaystyle \varphi (x,y)\ =\ x+y}$

with mixed Dirichlet / Neumann boundary conditions

${\displaystyle u(x,y)=u_{d}(x,y)\qquad {\mbox{ on }}\Gamma _{D}}$

${\displaystyle -(\varepsilon \ \nabla u(x,y)-\nabla \varphi (x,y)\ u(x,y))\cdot \mathbf {n} =j_{N}(x,y)\qquad {\mbox{ on }}\Gamma _{N}}$

Create the mesh and precompute the mesh properties

To define the geometry of the domain we can use gmsh.

the following gmsh input

Point (1)  = {0, 0, 0, 0.1};
Point (2)  = {1, 1, 0, 0.1};
Point (3)  = {1, 0.9, 0, 0.1};
Point (4)  = {0, 0.1, 0, 0.1};
Point (5) = {0.3,0.1,-0,0.1};
Point (6) = {0.4,0.4,-0,0.1};
Point (7) = {0.5,0.6,0,0.1};
Point (8) = {0.6,0.9,0,0.1};
Point (9) = {0.8,0.8,0,0.1};
Point (10) = {0.2,0.2,-0,0.1};
Point (11) = {0.3,0.5,0,0.1};
Point (12) = {0.4,0.7,0,0.1};
Point (13) = {0.5,1,0,0.1};
Point (14) = {0.8,0.9,0,0.1};

Line (1)  = {3, 2};
Line (2) = {4, 1};

CatmullRom(3) = {1,5,6,7,8,9,3};
CatmullRom(4) = {4,10,11,12,13,14,2};
Line Loop(15) = {3,1,-4,2};
Plane Surface(16) = {15};


will produce the geometry below

we need to load the mesh into Octave and precompute mesh properties check out the tutorial for the msh package for info on the mesh structure

 Code: Meshing the 2D problem [mesh] = msh2m_gmsh ("fiume","scale",1,"clscale",.1); [mesh] = bim2c_mesh_properties (mesh); 

to see the mesh you can use functions from the fpl package

 Code: Visualizing the mesh for the 2D problem pdemesh (mesh.p, mesh.e, mesh.t) view (2) 

Set the coefficients for the problem:

Get the node coordinates from the mesh structure

 Code: Get mesh coordinates in the 2D problem xu = mesh.p(1,:).'; yu = mesh.p(2,:).'; 

Get the number of elements and nodes in the mesh

 Code: Get number of elements in the 2D problem nelems = columns (mesh.t); nnodes = columns (mesh.p); 
 Code: Set value of coefficients for the 2D problem epsilon = .1; phi = xu + yu; 

Construct the discretized operators

 Code: Discretized operators for the 2D problem  AdvDiff = bim2a_advection_diffusion (mesh, epsilon, 1, 1, phi); Mass = bim2a_reaction (mesh, 1, 1); b = bim2a_rhs (mesh,f,g); A = AdvDiff + Mass; 

To Apply Boundary Conditions, partition LHS and RHS

The tags of the sides are assigned by gmsh we let ${\displaystyle \Gamma _{D}}$ be composed by sides 1 and 2 and ${\displaystyle \Gamma _{D}}$ be the rest of the boundary

 Code: Boundary conditions for the 2D problem  GammaD = bim2c_unknowns_on_side (mesh, [1 2]); ## DIRICHLET NODES LIST GammaN = bim2c_unknowns_on_side (mesh, [3 4]); ## NEUMANN NODES LIST GammaN = setdiff (GammaN, GammaD); jn = zeros (length (GammaN),1); ## PRESCRIBED NEUMANN FLUXES ud = 3*xu; ## DIRICHLET DATUM Omega = setdiff (1:nnodes, union (GammaD, GammaN)); ## INTERIOR NODES LIST Add = A(GammaD, GammaD); Adn = A(GammaD, GammaN); ## shoud be all zeros hopefully!! Adi = A(GammaD, Omega); And = A(GammaN, GammaD); ## shoud be all zeros hopefully!! Ann = A(GammaN, GammaN); Ani = A(GammaN, Omega); Aid = A(Omega, GammaD); Ain = A(Omega, GammaN); Aii = A(Omega, Omega); bd = b(GammaD); bn = b(GammaN); bi = b(Omega); 

Solve for the tracer density

 Code: Compute solution of the 2D problem  temp = [Ann Ani ; Ain Aii ] \ [ jn+bn-And*ud(GammaD) ; bi-Aid*ud(GammaD)]; u = ud; u(GammaN) = temp(1:numel (GammaN)); u(Omega) = temp(length(GammaN)+1:end); 

Compute the fluxes through Dirichlet sides

 Code: Boundary fluxes in the 2D problem  jd = [Add Adi Adn] * u([GammaD; Omega; GammaN]) - bd; 

Compute the gradient of the solution

 Code: Gradient of solution in the 2D problem  [gx, gy] = bim2c_pde_gradient (mesh, u); 

Compute the internal Advection-Diffusion flux

 Code: Total flux for the 2D problem [jxglob, jyglob] = bim2c_global_flux (mesh, u, epsilon*ones(nelems, 1), ones(nnodes, 1), ones(nnodes, 1), phi); 

Export data to VTK format

The resut can be exported to vtk format to visualize with [[1]] or [[2]]

 Code: Export the solution of the 2D problem to vtk fpl_vtk_write_field ("vtkdata", mesh, {u, "Solution"}, {[gx; gy]', "Gradient"}, 1); 

you can also plot your data directly in Octave using  pdesurf

 Code: Rubbersheet visualization of the solution of the 2D problem pdesurf (mesh.p, mesh.t, u) 

it will look like this

### 3D Time dependent problem

Here is an example of a 3D time-dependent Advection-Diffusion equation that uses  lsode  for time-stepping.

The equation being solved is

${\displaystyle {\frac {\partial u}{\partial t}}-\mathrm {div} \left(.01\nabla u-u\nabla \varphi \right)=0\qquad {\mbox{ in }}\Omega \times [0,T]=[0,1]^{3}\times [0,1]}$

${\displaystyle ~\varphi =x+y-z}$

${\displaystyle -\left(.01\nabla u-u\nabla \varphi \right)\cdot \mathbf {n} =0\qquad {\mbox{ on }}\partial \Omega }$

The initial condition is

${\displaystyle u=\exp(-\left({\frac {x-.2}{.2}}\right)^{2}-\left({\frac {y-.2}{.2}}\right)^{2}-\left({\frac {z-.2}{.2}}\right)^{2})}$

 Code: Define the 3D problem  pkg load bim x = linspace (0, 1, 40); y = z = linspace (0, 1, 20); msh = bim3c_mesh_properties (msh3m_structured_mesh (x, y, z, 1, 1:6)); nn = columns (msh.p); ne = columns (msh.t); x = msh.p(1, :).'; y = msh.p(2, :).'; z = msh.p(3, :).'; x0 = .2; sx = .1; y0 = .2; sy = .1; z0 = .8; sz = .1; u = exp (- ((x-x0)/(2*sx)) .^2 - ((y-y0)/(2*sy)) .^2 - ((z-z0)/(2*sz)) .^2); A = bim3a_advection_diffusion (msh, .01*ones(ne, 1), 100*(x+y-z)); M = bim3a_reaction (msh, 1, 1); function du = f (u, t, A, M) du = - M \ (A * u); endfunction time = linspace (0, 1, 30); lsode_options ("integration method", "adams"); U = lsode (@(u, t) f(u, t, A, M), u, time); for ii = 1:1:numel (time) name = sprintf ("u_%3.3d", ii); delete ([name ".vtu"]); fpl_vtk_write_field (name, msh, {U(ii,:)', 'u'}, {}, 1); endfor 

This is a video showing the .3 isosurface of the solution.